Critically analyse Paul's relationship with women pointing out why one or the other succeed whereas one fails.

      In the book, Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence relationship was seen as a major theme within the novel. Lawrence used different techniques to captivate the audience attention. Additionally, in the novel the author uses foreshadowing as a major narrative technique that was utilize in several chapters to give the readers an idea of what is happening and to also create a suspense for the interest of the novel. In this essay, I will be highlighting different situations and techniques to analyse Paul's relationship with women pointing out why one or the other succeed whereas one fails.
     Firstly, the author started off with the birth of Paul and how the mother felt about his birth. Paul grew to care for his mother, Mrs morel deeply. He became close to his mother because he had no connection whatsoever with his father. Besides, in the novel, we see aspects where Paul and his mother acts as if they were in a relationship. For example, in chapter four, when Paul fell ill with bronchitis, his father visits him but he asks for his mother, he even pointed out that sleeping with his mother comforts him. This shows why the relationship with Paul and his mother succeeded. They cared deeply for one another which makes it difficult for their relationship to fail. Additionally, in chapter five, the author even states that Paul is happy with the relationship with his mother.
     Secondly, in chapter seven, D.H Lawrence started off by describing the growing intimacy between Paul and Miriam. They both make their connection through nature. However, Paul's mother does not see it appropriate for Paul being with Miriam. Mrs morel, Paul's mother finds that Miriam is taking away Paul's attention from her, so every time Paul is with Miriam, Mrs morel has a problem. Additionally, Paul genuinely cares for his mother so much that he avoids spending time with Miriam to please his mother. Evidently, that is the reason why the relationship with Paul and Miriam failed. Although the relationship between Paul and Miriam were just friends, it didn't get any further because of the closeness between he and his mother.
     Thirdly, Paul broke up the relationship with Miriam, she felt bad but disagrees with Paul listening to his mother. Moreover, that is when Paul realizes that he loves his mother more than Miriam. Miriam didn't understand why Paul wanted to break off but Paul loves his mother so much that no other relationship could alter the one between he and his mother. Miriam even tried spending time with Paul by inviting him for a walk with her and Clara who Paul dislikes, but he still doesn't make any connection with her. It is simply proven that Paul loves his mother more so the relationship worked for them whereas the relationship with him and Miriam failed.
     In conclusion, in the novel, Paul relationship with his mother is much more stronger than the relationship he has with any other woman, for example, Miriam. The level in which Paul cares for his mother points out why the relationship works and why the others failed. D.H Lawrence was successful in showing the audience the different ways and reasons one or the other succeed whereas one fails regarding to the relationships with Paul and women.

Summary of pages 1-25 in Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawerence

Summary of pages  1 – 25  in Sons and Lovers

There was a collection of cottages by the name of hell row where colliers live that got burnt down. A company by the name of Carston, Waite and Co. expanded on their operations and built houses in the area where hell row was located.

Gertrude Morel thirty one years old married for eight years have two children and is expecting her third child in September. Walter Morel her husband, is a miner. Gertrude was not happy to move to the bottoms in July, her children William who is seven and Annie who is five is excited.

William went out and came home unhappy from the absence of his mother after winning two egg cups for her. He also reported seeing his father at a bar. In the nights, Gertrude would go in the garden and watch other families while they are coming from the wakes and begins to think about her family and the problems with her can’t affording a third child, since her husband drinks away his wages. Mrs. Morel children are her only happiness. Additionally, Mrs. Morel got into an argument with her husband after he returned, about whether or not he was drinking.

Gertrude Morel came from a good family. She hated her father’s overbearing behavior towards her mother whom she loved and favored, but she inherited the temper of her father. Mrs. Morel thinks back on her youths and remembered when John Field a well educated young man, who gave her a Bible that she still has. She remembers discussing the reluctance to go into business.

At twenty three, Gertrude met twenty seven year old Morel, who was a hearty, vigorous and humorous man at a Christmas party. Morel was fascinated by Gertrude’s qualities. They got married the next Christmas and she was very happy for several months.

Morels lie, and his inability to communicate intimately and his increases drinking soured Mrs. Morel. She gave birth to William around their third Christmas and she turned her loneliness and delusion into passionate love for William, which made Morel jealous. Mr. Morel jealousy aroused in him cutting off William’s nice curly hair. His tendency to mock his superiors led to his lower wages, which he resulted in drinking.

One day John Purdy visits, Mr. Morel best friend. Gertrude hates his cold, manipulative and domineering nature. The men leaves for a ten mile walk to Nottingham, where they gambled.  Morel returns home drunk where he and Mrs. Morel fights viciously about his drunkenness. He locks her out the house and goes to sleep. She raps and Mr. Morel opens and ran upstairs before she can be angry with him. Gertrude cleans up the kitchen and goes to bed.

Oedipus

Definition of Oedipus complex

Oedipus complex denotes the emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrate upon a boy’s desire to sexually possess his mother, and kill his father. Sigmund Freud, who coined the term "Oedipus complex", believed that the Oedipus complex is a desire for the mother in both sexes (he believed that girls have a homosexual attraction towards their mother).

Understanding Oedipus complex

According to Freud, the boy wishes to possess his mother and replace his father, who he views as a rival for his mother's affections. The Oedipal complex occurs in the phallic stage of psychosexual development between the ages of three and five. The phallic stage serves as an important point in the formation of sexual identity.

Resolving the Oedipus complex

In order to develop into a successful adult with a health identity, the child must identify with the same-sex parent in order to resolve the conflict. Freud suggested that while the primal id wants to eliminate the father, the more realistic ego knows that the father is much stronger.

According to Freud, the boy then experiences what he called castration anxiety - a fear of both literal and figurative emasculation. Freud believed that as the child becomes aware of the physical differences between males and females, he assumes that the female's penis has been removed and that his father will also castrate him as a punishment for desiring his mother.

In order to resolve the conflict, the boy then identifies with his father. It is at this point that the super-ego is formed. The super-ego becomes a sort of inner moral authority, an internalization of the father figure that strives to suppress the urges of the id and make the ego act upon these idealistic standards.

Books\plays that deal with Oedipus complex.

1. Social psychology and deviant behavior

2. The legacy of Cleopatra.

3. Die Traumdeutung

4. A separate piece (Norwegian version)

5. Pandora’s Box

literature group work

Delia Evans

Zachary Phillip

How does jealousy function as a motivation for the various characters? Support your answer using specific examples from the play.

Jealousy is a secondary emotion, and typically refers to negative thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, and anxiety over an anticipated loss of something that the person values particularly in reference to a human connection. The first three acts of the winter’s tale are the study of jealousy and its destructive effects. In the play leonetes sudden and unfounded fear that his pregnant wife is sleeping with his best friend eats away at him like disease. This aspect of jealousy forms the climax and also the main plot in the novel.

Jealousy is a major issue in this play. The very core of the book has a plot solely driven by jealousy. Leonetes starts the play conversing with a dear friend Polixenes, a friend staying within his palace at leonetes’ will. This king of Bohemia, Polixenes has stayed nine months in the kingdom of Sicilia, all at the king,(king leonetes) whim. However, when Polixenes desires to leave, leonetes can no longer get him to stay and thus ask his wife to do it. His wife succeeds and leonetes immediately jumps to the worse possible reason that they must be having an affair “for to mingle friendship far is mingling bloods”. Leones’s’ jealousy is soon hear in act 1 scene2 and only grows stronger. Due to his green furry he plots to kill his dear friend Polixenes in act1 scwene2. His envy does not end there he further calls his wife an adulteress and sends her to jail. The jealousy cuts so deep that it drives him to try and kill his new born daughter because he believes “ it is the issue of Polixenes”, furthermore leonetes envy behavior blinds him from words of wisdom from others such as Paulina or the oracle. This pure blinding jealousy results in not only his son’s death but his wife’s deaths too, at the end of act3 scene2.

Jealousy causes leonetes to question if Mammillius is in fact his son, despite the fact that Mammillius looks like a copy of his dad. For instance when Leonetes quotes “Mammillius, art thou my boy?” we know the leonetes is questioning whether or not he is the biological father of Mammillius or his unborn child. Evidently leonetes puns on the word “neat” which means clean. He told Mammilius they need to be tidy, “you must be neat, not neat, but cleanly…” and also “cattle with horn’s”. He even calla Mammllius a calf, “art thou my calf?” (act1 scene2). This is all tinged with sexual meaning. Horns as we know are associated with cuckholds, which is exactly what leonetes thinks he is. Moreover leonetes also uses Mammillius as a tool to get at his wife Hermoine by taking away Mammillius her son. This affects both Hermoine and Mammillius. In fact imprisonment of his mother made him sick and as a result of that he ending up dying by the anxiety of his mother faith. On the other hand his mother Hermoine fainted and was later pronounced as dead from the tragic message of her sons death.

However, powerful jealousy is in this one characters life and the struggles of the truth regarding to jealousy does not affect all the characters. No other major character of the play is jealousy. In the Autolycus he is seen as more greedy rather than envious. The only other instances of “jealousy driven acts” arguably are the retaliations to the king’s behaviors for jealousy drives the king and the king causes retaliation therefore jealousy maybe seen as the motivation of actions. For example in act 2 scene 3 where Paulina brings Hermoines baby daughter to the king and proceeds to argue with him to set her mind at free, the motivation of Paulina’s actions is compassion in response to the kings outrageous jealousy. As is the case where ion act 1 scene3 camillo warns Polixenes of king leonetes plans to commit murder. Camillo is motivated by compassion which is in response to the kings jealousy.

In conclusion, throughout the play Shakespeare portrays leonetes jealousy as an infection “disease” in order to highlight the destructive nature of jealousy. Although jealousy is the main driving force for leonetes the stars action, the other characters of the play are not affected by this emotion but rather show compassion to the victims or scorn the king because of his jealousy. Thus is jealousy a main force for all characters?         

Assignment #2

• ·       Yes, I have been betrayed.  An example of when I was betrayed is, it was afternoon after school, and I went down by my friend to chill because I was alone home. While I was down by my friend, I got a phone call from my big sister asking me where I was, I told her that I was by my friend chilling. She ask me if my little sister got home yet, I told her no, she will be home at 3 o’clock so she said ok she will pick her up and  go by our house and stay with her. A while after I got a phone call from my mother, I answered with such a sweet tone, all I heard was this, “U gyal how u go lef home u likkle sissa alone, u crazy?” I was so surprised; I didn’t say anything just allowed her to argue. When she was finished, I told her that Sharica, which is my big sister, said that she will stay with DD my little sister. Surprisingly, all that time I was talking to my mother, my big sister was there. She told my mom that she was passing by and she saw DD alone home and she call me and told me and I didn’t come. Being so upset I went home, I reached my house in a minute and it was a five minutes’ walk. When I reach home, the first person to run off their mouth was the witch which is my big sister  that’s what I thought of her after she betrayed me. She started cursing and of course I answered. It got so intense that my sister and I started to fight and this fighting was drastic, because mommy started to curse. The funny thing is my grandmother came over and she didn’t know what happen, but she started to blame me, saying “ a Delia nuh, she muss know she a da likkle one, a fu she fault.” All that time the fighting was taking place. My mother got so upset and drag us apart, she literally lift me up  and dropped me in the chair. I started to cry because I was upset and I couldn’t get to do what I wanted. My sister started to cry also when my mom was cursing us out. Afterwards, my sister started back on me and we started to curse again. All of a sudden, we heard a police siren. When I looked outside my house, there is my mom with the police. She called  my sister and I and told the police to walk with us to teach us a lesson. I started one piece of bawling cause guess what, it was a Friday and I won’t be release till Monday. All the sympathy I showed, in the end  my sister and I found out that the police is my mommy’s friend, she called him to scare us, that was a relief. This is story of how I was betrayed.
• ·         As you read in the story I felt real bad because my sister lied on me and as mentioned above, I cried and fought during the process of being betrayed.
• ·         Yes I have felt that I was betrayed and at the end the situation was misunderstood. For example, I had a friend an apparently she did something wrong, and a group of people who we hang out with found out and they were talking about it but someone told the friend that I spread the story with her name. So my friend got upset with and started to speak behind my back. Then I started to curse and I said a lot of stuff (J), but in the end I found out that somebody gave her wrong information that’s why she was upset and we apologize and became friends again.
• ·         Yes the Shakespeare plays that I have studied most of the characters always resort to violence, trickery or evilness. For example in the play, “Much Ado About Nothing”  Don John who was known as the antagonists of the play, played a trick to set up two lovers Claudio and Hero, so they won’t get married.

·         The Winter's Tale is a play by William Shakespeare, originally published in the First Folio of 1623. Although it was grouped among the comedies, some modern editors have relabeled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances. Some critics, among them W. W. Lawrence, consider it to be one of Shakespeare's "problem plays", because the first three acts are filled with intense psychological drama, while the last two acts are comedic and supply a happy ending.

 Nevertheless, the play has been intermittently popular, revived in productions in various forms and adaptations by some of the leading theatre practitioners in Shakespearean performance history, beginning after a long interval with David Garrick in his adaptation called Florizel and Perdita (first performed in 1754 and published in 1756. The Winter's Tale was revived again in the 19th century, when the third "pastoral" act was widely popular). In the second half of the 20th century The Winter's Tale in its entirety, and drawn largely from the First Folio text, was often performed.

The play's first known performance occurred at the Globe Theatre on May 15, 1611. Scholars have made speculative attempts at a more accurate dating of the play's composition, but such theories have not gained widespread acceptance. What most critics do agree upon is that the style and themes of The Winter's Tale clearly link the play to Shakespeare's other late romances. They conclude that The Winter's Tale is therefore a product of Shakespeare's final period of play writing and that the play was most likely composed after Cymbeline, which is believed to have been written in 1609-10. The primary source for The Winter's Tale is a novel by Robert Green entitled Pandosto; or, The Triumph of Time, which was first published in 1588. The novel was reprinted a number of times after 1607 as Dorastus and Fawnia.

·         Elizabethan era was a time associated with Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558–1603) and is often considered to be the golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of English poetry, music and literature. This was also the time during which Elizabethan theatre flourished, and William Shakespeare and many others composed plays that broke free of England's past style of plays and theatre. It was an age of exploration and expansion abroad, while back at home, the Protestant Reformation became more acceptable to the people, most certainly after the Spanish Armada was repulsed. It was also the end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal union with Scotland.

 The theatre most often associated with William Shakespeare is the The Globe Theatre, which opened in 1599 in Southwark, London. It was the first theatre built by actors, and was roughly circular in shape with an open roof, which led to it's nickname "The Wooden O." 

The original Globe burned down in 1613, following an accident with on-stage pyrotechnics, and was rebuilt in 1614. It was finally closed down in 1642, and demolished in 1644 to make way for housing.

 THE GLOBE THEATRE

Outside

 Inside

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Th Theatre of the Absurd is a theatrical style originating in France in the late 1940's. It relies heavily on existential philosophy, and is a category for plays of absurdist fiction, written by a number of playwrights from the late 1940s to the 1960s, as well as the theatre which has evolved from their work. It expresses the belief that, in a godless universe, human existence has no meaning or purpose and therefore all communication breaks down. Logical construction and argument give way to irrational and illogical speech and as its ultimate conclusion, silence.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_YSiPorTao – the video

  William Shakespeare was baptized on the 26th April,1564 and died on the 26 the April, 1616. His actual birth date remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, St George's Day. He was the son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden; he was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire. He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".

              Although no attendance records for the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare probably was educated at the King's VI New School in Stratford from the age of seven (7) in 1571, about a quarter-mile from his home and he left school at the age of fourteen (14) in 1578.  Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but the curriculum was dictated by law throughout England, and the school would have provided an intensive education in Latin grammar and the classics.

      His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright artist. Shakespeare was raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613.

         In addition, Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. Shakespeare also wrote some plays which includes the Merchant of Venice, The Count of Monte Cristo and the Six Tales of Shakespeare etc. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.

        According to Answers.com William Shakespeare is known as the best because of his works, especially his plays and sonnets. He is also known for his technique. One cool thing that he did was write in iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter basically means that each line has 10 syllables. These ten syllables would go in a pattern of stressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed, and so forth.

        Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime.

Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius. In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.